Textile
- 18th century British textile manufacturing was based on wool
- Earlier spinning wheel and hand loom restricted production rates
- Spinning wheel and hand loom were also a lot safer then mass production machines
- Paul and Wyatt opened Mill in Birmingham w/ their new invention powered by a donkey
- Created cotton mill upped production in factories
- Developed horse power and water power
- Made cotton manufacture a merchandise industry
Metallurgy
- Big difference of metal industry before is that now organic fuels based on wood with fossil fuels are replaced with coal
- Sir Clement Clerke used reverberatory furnaces
- Operated by open flame
- This meant the metals were more pure
- Better improvements of machine tools allowed for metals to be harvested at faster and more efficient rates
Mining
- Coal was mined many different ways
- Coal was mined in more favorable geology with an adit or drift mine
- Limiting factor was removing the water
- The steam engine greatly helped remove the water and enabled shafts to be made deeper enabling more coal to be extracted
- 1770’s more effective steam engine was produced so their was less of a cost for fuel therefore a higher margin for profit
- Firedamp explosion set off coal dust explosion so causalities grew in the 19th century
Steam Power
- 1698 Thomas Savery constructed and patented vacuum and pressure water pump that produced one horsepower
- 1712 Tomas Newcomen invented first safe and successful steam power plant
- Cost a lot of capital to build
- 1454 engines were built by 1800 and were in Hungary, Germany, Austria, and Sweden